Inside Technique : Conditional SSI
By John Miller of Dynamicdrive.com

While many of you are familiar with SSI (Server Side Includes) and its tremendous usefulness as a server feature, did you know that the technology supports conditions? Imagine being able to give your SSI code logic, so it executes different commands, depending on variables such as browser type, time of day, referring URL, and whatever else can be accessed and compared in Perl. Something like that would be nothing less than revolutionary, and fortunately, possible!

Called conditional SSI (XSSI), the feature is supported on most Apache servers. IIS and Netscape server users will need to consult with the latest documentation on equivalents (if any) of XSSI on their servers.

Just to review, SSI are "codes" you place on your page that the server picks up and executes. The most common use of SSI is to include a file on the page:

<!--#include file="afile.htm" -->

The above command will cause the file "afile.htm" to be inserted and displayed, as if it were manually added to the page.

Adding condition to the mix

This is what we're here for- to learn how to supply SSI with a little intelligence. Time to unveil the four flow-control statements of Server Side Includes:

<!--#if expr="expression"-->
<!--#elif expr="expression"-->
<!--#else-->
<!--#endif-->

They work as you would expect with any if/else statements. In JavaScript, the above would be equivalent in logic to "if", "else if", and "else", respectively. The last command is an odd ball; it serves no particular purpose except that's it's needed at the end of each conditional SSI definition. Take a look at the following example, which embeds two different files onto the page, depending on whether the user is using Internet Explorer or not:

<!--#if expr="${HTTP_USER_AGENT} = /MSIE/" -->
<!--#include file="iebar.htm" -->
<!--#else -->
<!--#include file="defaultbar.htm" -->
<!--#endif -->

Output:

You are seeing this content because your browser is some version of Netscape

Got your attention now, didn't I? By using conditional SSI, with the environmental variable HTTP_USER_AGENT as the condition to test for, the above example allows us to display browser specific content in such a versatile way that no client side language (such as JavaScript) can match. It's SSI with a brain baby!

Taking things one step further

Let's now build on what we have so far, and create a more refined example that discriminates not only between browser type, but browser version as well. How about a SSI code that differentiates between IE 4, NS 4, and neither?

<!--#if expr="${HTTP_USER_AGENT} = /MSIE
[4-9]/"-->
You are using IE 4 or above<BR>
<!--#elif expr="${HTTP_USER_AGENT} = /Mozilla\/[4-9]/"-->
You are using Netscape 4 or above<BR>
<!--#else -->
You are using something other than IE 4+ or NS 4+<BR>
<!--#endif -->

Output:
You are using something other than IE 4+ or NS 4+

If you're not familiar with Perl programming, then parts of the above code undoubtedly look alien to you. Without this being a Perl tutorial, in a nutshell, regular expressions is used to extract out the relevant browser info in HTTP_USER_AGENT. The variable for your browser contains the following:

CCBot/2.0

Use a different browser, and note the difference in the output.

In conclusion

We've introduced here in general how to implement conditional SSI. The examples shown above are just a peek into the possibilities...how smart your SSI codes are now depends on your knowledge of Perl programming. Either way, time to get crackin'!

This tutorial is written and contributed by John Miller of Dynamicdrive.com. Visit http://www.dynamicdrive.com for more free, original DHTML scripts to enhance your site. Categories include menus, images, mouse trail effects, and more.

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